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The “No True Scotsman” fallacy, is a form of informal logical fallacy that arises when one tries to defend a generalization by excluding counterexamples. This defense mechanism is enacted by redefining terms in order to make an argument valid, thus protecting sweeping generalizations from being proven false

The No True Scotsman logical fallacy, also known as the appeal to purity, is a form of informal fallacy that arises when someone tries to defend a universal claim by excluding counterexamples as not being “true” or “pure” enough. This defense mechanism is enacted by redefining terms in order to make an argument valid, rather than acknowledging and addressing the evidence that contradicts the generalization, thus protecting sweeping generalizations from being proven false.

Definition

Let’s start from the start.

Need to distinguish two close but different concepts.

Conspiracy theory - an attempt to explain harmful or tragic events as the result of the actions of a small powerful group. Such explanations reject the accepted narrative surrounding those events; indeed, the official version may be seen as further proof of the conspiracy.

The Conspiracy theory logical fallacy arises when individuals use resoning “Something is true because some hidden powers/organisations/overnments/corporations” are interested in this.

Definition

Reductio ad Absurdum: A Logical Fallacy of Reducing an Argument to Absurdity

Reductio ad absurdum is a type of logical fallacy where an argument is disproven or discredited by showing that its conclusion leads to an absurd, ridiculous, or impractical outcome. This fallacy involves taking an opponent’s argument to its extreme and illogical conclusions, thereby exposing its flaws.

Origins and Usage

The term “reductio ad absurdum” comes from Latin, meaning “reduction to absurdity.” This form of argumentation has been employed throughout history in various fields, including philosophy, mathematics, and logic. It is often used to refute an opponent’s claim by demonstrating the absurd consequences of accepting their position.

In the pursuit of truth and sound reasoning, fallacies present themselves as deceptive snares that can ensnare even the most critical thinker. Among these is the ad baculum fallacy, or appeal to force, a fallacious argumentative tactic that employs coercion or threats to support a conclusion. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the ad baculum fallacy, unveiling its subtleties, historical roots, and the impact it has on discourse and decision-making.

Definition

A strawman fallacy or straw man argument a rhetorical ploy that misrepresents an opponent’s position to make it easier to attack.

The term “strawman fallacy” originates from the metaphor of a “man made of straw,” which is a weak and flimsy construct, easily knocked down or destroyed. It was a training object for medieval soldiers. Easy to fight because it never fights back.